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Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications.〔"Modeling for Casting & Solidification Processing", by Kuang-Oscar Yu,CRC; 1st edition (October 15, 2001), ISBN 0-8247-8881-8〕 The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible incredibly controlled materials used in the biomedical, aviation, and aerospace fields. ==Overview== VAR is used most frequently in high value applications. Essentially it is an additional processing step to improve the quality of metal. Because it is both time consuming and expensive, a majority of commercial alloys do not employ the process. Nickel, titanium,〔D.Zagrebelnyy, Modeling macrosegregation during vacuum arc remelting of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy ISBN 978-3-8364-5948-8〕 and specialty steels are materials most often processed with this method. The conventional path for production of titanium alloys includes single, double or even triple VAR processing.〔''Titanium: Past, Present, and Future'' (1983) () ISBN 0-309-07765-6〕 Use of this technique over traditional methods presents several advantages: *The solidification rate of molten material can be tightly controlled. This allows a high degree of control over the microstructure as well as the ability to minimize segregation *The gases dissolved in liquid metal during melting metals in open furnaces, such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen are considered to be detrimental to the majority of steels and alloys. Under vacuum conditions these gases escape from liquid metal to the vacuum chamber. *Elements with high vapor pressure such as carbon, sulfur, and magnesium (frequently contaminants) are lowered in concentration. *Centerline porosity and segregation are eliminated. *Certain metals and alloys, such as Ti, cannot be melted in open air furnaces 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vacuum arc remelting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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